Current through August 4, 2026. This article provides general wage-and-hour and payroll information, not legal or tax advice. Because no employer size, industry, collective-bargaining status, public-sector status, or federal-contract status is specified, the analysis assumes an ordinary private-sector employment relationship and, except where noted, an employee covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act and applicableContinueContinue reading “Hourly Employee Pay in the United States and North Dakota.”
Tag Archives: finance
IRS Receipt Requirements in the United States.
In the United States, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requires taxpayers to maintain adequate records to substantiate income, deductions, and credits reported on their federal tax returns. A receipt is often a key piece of that documentation. Failure to keep proper records can result in disallowed deductions, penalties, and additional tax assessments during an audit.ContinueContinue reading “IRS Receipt Requirements in the United States.”
Leasing a car can make sense in limited situations, but for most people it is a financially unfavorable decision.
Leasing a car can make sense in limited situations, but for most people it is a financially unfavorable decision. Below are the precise, non-generic reasons why leasing is usually a bad idea. 1. You never build ownership (no equity) With a lease, every payment is pure expense.After 2–3 years, you return the car and ownContinueContinue reading “Leasing a car can make sense in limited situations, but for most people it is a financially unfavorable decision.”
Exemption of Debtor’s Property from Judgment Creditors: A Comprehensive Survey.
Every U.S. jurisdiction shields certain debtor assets from judgment collection through exemption statutes. Typically exempt categories include a debtor’s principal home (homestead), household goods and personal effects, motor vehicles, tools of trade, a portion of wages, and retirement or insurance proceedsstatutes.capitol.texas.gov. Federal law also mandates exemptions – for example, Social Security benefits are entirely exemptContinueContinue reading “Exemption of Debtor’s Property from Judgment Creditors: A Comprehensive Survey.”
Home Office Expenses: Financial Accounting and U.S. Tax Treatment Guide.
Financial Accounting Treatment Recording and Classifying Home Office Expenses In financial accounting, home office costs incurred for business purposes are treated as ordinary business expenses, provided they are separable from personal expenses. A fundamental GAAP concept is the economic (separate) entity assumption, which means a business should only record expenses that pertain to its operations,ContinueContinue reading “Home Office Expenses: Financial Accounting and U.S. Tax Treatment Guide.”
Guide to 1099 Forms for U.S. Business Owners.
Forms 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC are key IRS documents for reporting payments to non-employees. If you hire independent contractors or pay certain vendors in the course of business, you may be required to issue them a Form 1099. This guide explains which vendors need a 1099, the payment thresholds and exceptions (e.g. corporations and PayPal payments),ContinueContinue reading “Guide to 1099 Forms for U.S. Business Owners.”
Mandatory Payroll Reports for Utah Employers (Federal and State) Utah employers must comply with standard federal payroll tax filing requirements as well as Utah state payroll reporting obligations. Below is a comprehensive list of the key payroll-related reports at both levels, including each report’s name, filing frequency, information included, who is responsible for filing, deadlines,ContinueContinue reading
Local Payroll-Related Taxes by State.
Most U.S. states do not have local payroll or income taxes, but 17 states (and now Washington) allow certain local jurisdictions to tax wages or payroll. These local payroll-related taxes take various forms – city or county income taxes, school district income taxes, “head taxes” per employee, and occupational privilege taxes – and are paidContinueContinue reading “Local Payroll-Related Taxes by State.”
How You Pay Income Tax as an S Corp Owner.
An S corp is a pass-through entity, which means the corporation itself does NOT pay income tax. Instead, you (the owner/shareholder) report the company’s income on your personal tax return. Here’s exactly how it works: 1. The S Corp Files a Tax Return — Form 1120-S Your S corp must file Form 1120-S with theContinueContinue reading “How You Pay Income Tax as an S Corp Owner.”
Understanding Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) in the Trucking Industry.
In most industries, Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) represents the direct cost of producing or purchasing the items a company sells. But in the trucking industry, companies don’t sell physical products — they sell transportation services. That raises the question: Does COGS apply to trucking? The answer: Yes — but it looks a little different.ContinueContinue reading “Understanding Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) in the Trucking Industry.”
Understanding the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) Account.
What Is Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)? Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) refers to the direct costs associated with producing or purchasing the goods a business sells during a specific period. This account is crucial in determining a company’s gross profit, which is calculated as: Gross Profit = Revenue – Cost of Goods Sold TheContinueContinue reading “Understanding the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) Account.”
Can an owner of an S corporation be treated like a self-employed individual for self-employment tax purposes?
POINTS AND AUTHORITIES – SELF-EMPLOYMENT TAX AND S CORPORATION OWNERS I. Shareholders of S Corporations Are Not Considered Self-Employed for SE Tax Purposes Point S corporation shareholders, even if they are owner-operators or provide services to the business, are not treated as self-employed for purposes of self-employment tax on their share of the business’s income.ContinueContinue reading “Can an owner of an S corporation be treated like a self-employed individual for self-employment tax purposes?”
Points and Authorities section on who is considered self-employed under U.S. tax law.
Here’s a formal Points and Authorities section on who is considered self-employed under U.S. tax law. This is based on statutory law (IRC), regulations, and IRS guidance. POINTS AND AUTHORITIES – DEFINITION OF SELF-EMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS I. Self-Employed Individuals Include Sole Proprietors, Independent Contractors, and Members of Certain Partnerships Point A person is considered self-employed ifContinueContinue reading “Points and Authorities section on who is considered self-employed under U.S. tax law.”
Points and Authorities related to self-employed taxes in the U.S.
Here’s a breakdown of Points and Authorities related to self-employed taxes in the U.S., citing the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), IRS publications, and relevant legal doctrines. These are typically used in legal briefs, so they’re presented in a formal structure. POINTS AND AUTHORITIES – SELF-EMPLOYED TAXES I. Self-Employment Tax is Mandated by Federal Law PointContinueContinue reading “Points and Authorities related to self-employed taxes in the U.S.”
The key difference between an incorporated and unincorporated entity.
The key difference between an incorporated and unincorporated entity lies in their legal structure, liability, taxation, and governance. Here’s a breakdown: 1. Legal Status Incorporated Entity: Has a separate legal identity from its owners. This means it can enter into contracts, own property, sue, and be sued. Unincorporated Entity: Has no separate legal existence fromContinueContinue reading “The key difference between an incorporated and unincorporated entity.”
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